Diabetes Mellitus :: essays research papers

DIABETES MELLITUSIn the United States, about 16 million people suffer from diabetes mellitus, although nevertheless half of these individuals are diagnosed. Every year, about 650,000 people meet they have the disorder. Diabetes mellitus is the seventh leading cause of all deaths and the sixth leading cause of all deaths caused by disease. Diabetes is the most common in adults over 45 years of age in people who are overweight or physically sluggish in individuals who have an immediate family member with diabetes and in minority populations including African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans. The highest rate of diabetes in the world occurs in Native Americans. More wo men than men have been diagnosed with the disease. Diabetes can develop gradually, often without symptoms, over many years. It may reveal itself too late to prevent damage. In fact, you may first learn you have diabetes when you develop one of its common complications cardiovascular disease, kidney disea se, or vision problems. Diabetes is a condition that occurs because of a lack of insulin or because of the presence of factors opposing the actions of insulin. The provide of insufficient action of insulin is an annex in blood glucose concentration (hyperglycemia). Hyperglycemia is the unused glucose that builds up in your blood. Many other metabolic abnormalities occur, notably an increase in ketone bodies in the blood when there is a severe lack of insulin.The condition may also develop if muscle and fat cells responds poorly to insulin. In people with diabetes, glucose levels build up in the blood and urine, causing excessive urination, thirst, hunger, and problems with fat and protein metabolism. Diabetes mellitus differs from the less common diabetes insipidus, which is cause by the lack of the hormone antidiuretic hormone that controls the amount of urine secreted.The earliest known record of diabetes on third dynasty Egyptian papyrus by physician Hesy-ra mentions polyuria (frequent urination) as a symptom in 1552 B.C. In the 16th century, Paracelsus identifies diabetes as a serious general disorder. In the Early 19th century, the first chemical tests developed to indicate and measure the presence of sugar in the urine. In 1919-20, Allen establishes the first treatment clinic in the USA, the Physiatric Institute in New Jersey, to treat patients with diabetes, high blood pressure, and Brights disease wealthy and desperate patients flock to it. On January 23,1922, one of Dr. Collips insulin extracts are first tested on a human being, a 14-year-old boy named Leonard Thompson, in Toronto the treatment was considered a success by the end of the following February.