Executive compensation as a Macroeconomics topic Essay

Executive compensation as a Macroeconomics topic - Essay Example As for the advocates of free market economy, business cycles are normal (McConnell and Brue 134). But during the past years, its ability to correct itself is being put to question and so the need to apply other agents’ help was seen. Macroeconomic fluctuations affect corporations’ performance through demand and cost conditions (Oxelheim, Wihlborg and Zhang, par.1). These days, CEOs and high-level managers are being hired by companies to assist them in their operations. Of course, their services will not be free of charge, as a matter of fact, they are well paid. But problems arise because they are now seen as contributing factors to the large cost for companies causing disequilibrium. Many believe that U.S. executive compensation is badly out of equilibrium (Paulin 1). This is because of the very high compensation that these managers charge in relation to their services rendered to the companies. The equilibrium in the market is being disturbed by the widening gap in th e rate of executive compensation and other people doing the same jobs in other parts of the world as well as the rank and file employees. If in the first place, CEOs and managers are employed to help solve the imperfections of the market but because of the too much cost of compensation they ask which is also believed to be out of equilibrium, they are adding up to the failures of the free market system.

The government is proposing to introduce penalty duties of 30% on all Essay

The government is proposing to introduce penalty duties of 30% on all manufactured imports where the importer fails to prove that the producer is reducing its carbon emissions by at least 3% per year - Essay Example The plan will affect the lives of the general public in terms of costs of commodities in the local markets and loss of jobs. Economically, the amount of imported goods will decrease and trade balance might shift to the exports. There are scholars who have come up with better proposals that the government should go through and determine which one is most viable. The proposed plan has its pros and cons but the pros outweigh the setbacks. It is in everyone’s best interest to fight global warming at any cost. The government should look into providing compensations to the affected bracket of the citizens by the proposal. There should also be tax cuts introduced if the proposed plan takes effect. The government should also provide incentives to business firms to reduce emission of carbon. The British government has been working on reducing air pollution for decades. Environmentalists have made sure that the government keeps on its toes on the issue of emissions especially from manufacturing plants within the country. Emission of carbon and other gases that pollute the air and consequently contribute to the rise in global warming are being discouraged. To address this, the government has devised incentives that will ensure that local manufacturing industries adhere to the newly drafted emissions law. Companies are required to purchase permits from the required authorities according to their level of emissions. Global warming is a global issue hence the British government in conjunction with other countries worldwide has engaged in talks on the most feasible way to tackle emissions. It is during these talks that the participants devised a strategic plan that will ensure that every individual and company observes the requirements of emissions. The following report to The National business league will focus on the proposed plan to introduce penalty duties of 30% on all

Rolls-Royce and the Stock Market Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Rolls-Royce and the Stock Market - Case Study Example Factors that are apt to influence the market are inflation, exchange rates, government takeover and marketing needs. In this paper an effort will be made to determine why Rolls-Royce plc had such serious difficulties in the 1970s and how they either have, or should try to, offset any difficulties that might arise. Over the past 20 years, with successful deregulation and innovation in important areas of the economy, Britain has been doing well, and in keeping with that economy, Rolls-Royce has also been doing well. This was not always the case for the company. The 1970s were a time of instability for Rolls-Royce, so much so they almost went out of business completely, declaring bankruptcy in 1971. At the end of the decade, Rolls-Royce was in trouble again when their exchange rate predictions went awry. Could the company have foreseen the difficulties they would be facing in their engine production and was their financial crisis due to lack of foresight or a roll of the dice With empirical research, up-to-date news, government articles and papers on the business economy, an effort will be made to answer this question. Henry Royce built the first motor car in 1904 and joined with Charles Rolls to manufacture and sell a range of cars in Britain under the name Rolls-Royce. The company was formed in 1906 and within a year, the Silver Ghost, a six-cylinder car, was lauded as the best in the world. At the start of World War I, Royce designed his first aero engine, the Eagle, which provided half the horsepower used by the Allies in the air war. With the production of the "R" engine, business continued and Rolls-Royce gained the technological base to develop the Merlin, used in the Battle of Britain during World War II, and the gas turbine for the civil aviation market which led to the Comet, the first turbo jet to enter transatlantic service . In 1960 the Conway engine in the Boeing 707 became the first turbofan to enter the airline service ("History: Timeline, 2004; "The History of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars" [online]). Rolls-Royce was enjoying success as the only "British aircraft engine company that cou ld contemplate competing in global markets" (Lazonick and Prencipe, 2004, p.6). In 1966, Rolls-Royce and Bristol Siddley merged and continued production of the Rolls-Royce aero engines in both companies. However, with each company retaining old loyalties, integration was never complete, perhaps creating the first crack in the veneer of the heretofore financially solid, growing business. At the same time, American Airlines in the United States announced a contest for a new trans-Atlantic aircraft. Both Douglas and Lockheed responded with designs, the DC-10 and the Lockheed L-1011, respectively. The designs were

Discovering Professional Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Discovering Professional Resources - Essay Example The current paper makes use of three different journal publications and uses the articles within them to study the perceptions and conclusions of various researchers on the specific issues pertaining to school administration. This will include the management of time and stress and the various methods of dealing with conflicts and the challenges of working in teams. In addition to discussing the points provided in the chosen journals with respect to each of these topics, the paper will also focus on ways to implement them in practice and express opinions on their positive and negative traits. The latest issue of the Education Administration Quarterly published in August 2009 contains publications discuss issues such as the need to foster leadership within school administration and the need to address the issues of conflict in Schools. The articles are mostly based on maing inferences through numerical and statistical interpretation and the journal is associated with the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA. The information is available as a paper publication in addition to being accessible in online research portals. Given the broad range of issues that the journal discussed in the bvarious issues pertaining to School administration, this is a resource which I would refer to frequently. as the name suggests, Education week is a weekly journal publication that adopts the approach more of a magazine. The latest edition pertains to the preceding week that ended August 15th, 2009. Education week can be considered as a semi-scholarly resource as it contains a whole lot of other content in addition to containing academic discussions on School Administration. Further, the magazine discusses a wide variety of other issues pertaining to Education in general. the magazine is available online through a web portal that can be reached at www.edweek.org. given its generalized

Should Laws Governing Nursing Homes Be Changed Essay

Should Laws Governing Nursing Homes Be Changed - Essay Example It leads to abandonment of duties, and possible casualties are patients in need of special care 24 hours. Getting an all-round care should be the heart and center of nursing homes (Brickley, Lu & Wedig, n.d.). Changing the law is known to affect normal operation hence curtailing the norm. Freedom is a right in the bill of rights and as such should not have borders. Care facilities should be directed by government to ensure people using the facility access. The structure that changes due to the enactment of laws will drive uneasiness in the state of being of the care seekers. The outfit robs patients of the calm, which fosters the healing process (Connell, 2004). To conclude, nursing homes are imperative facilities within society. Laws governing the operation some of the times may hinder operation when changes are effected. With respect to rejection of the new law and discomfort felt by the care seekers, changing laws need cautious approach. The right approach to changing and implementing laws will be to involve all the stakeholders in the nursing facility. Brown, L., Hyer, K., & Polivka-West, L. (2007). A comparative study of laws, rules, codes and other influences on nursing homes disaster preparedness in the Gulf Coast states. Behav. Sci. Law, 25(5), 655-675.

By The Time Macbeth Murders Duncan He Has Already Lost The Battle For His Soul Essay Example for Free

By The Time Macbeth Murders Duncan He Has Already Lost The Battle For His Soul Essay Introduction By the time Macbeth murders Duncan he has already lost the battle for his soul. In this essay I am going to discuss this statement and examine the factors that lead to his decision to kill the king. I shall divide the essay into 3 main parts, these are; 1. The battle for his soul 2. The factors which lead Macbeth to kill the king 3. Conclusion The Battle For His Soul This play was written for James 1 in 1606. Shakespeares children were now deceased and this had put him into a mood where he would only write tragic plays instead of the usual comedies. Shakespeare included the theme of witches for James 1 as he was into witchcraft and had even wrote a book about it. The target audience of Macbeth would have been a very superstitious Christian crowd. The King was believed to have been put on the throne by God, and to kill the King would be a great sin. The belief in the existence and power of witches was widely believed in Shakespeares day. The practice of witchcraft was seen to subvert the established order of religion and society, trying to corrupt people and making them sin against God. Witch hunting was a respectable, moral, and highly intellectual pursuit through much of the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries. If someone lost their soul, they would be lost to God and would be condemned to hell for eternity. Here is a definition of a soul taken from the oxford dictionary; 1. A persons soul is the spiritual part of them that is supposed to continue after their body is dead. 2. Somebodys mind, character, thoughts or feelings. From the beginning of the play, Macbeth undergoes a complete change in character from a virtuous nobleman into a monster. He has a tragic weakness ambition which, when released, draws him into a web of evil and corruption that finally leaves him with none of the noble human qualities he possessed at the beginning of the play. Before being transformed into a murderous monster, Macbeth is a popular noble and also a good friend with the King. This is shown when Duncan calls him his worthiest cousin. He shows great loyalty and devotion to both King Duncan and his country in his fight against the Thane of Cawdor. Duncan is grateful for this. He says; I have begun to plant thee and will labour / To make thee full of growing. He also fights with great courage, which he draws from knowing that he serves a good and virtuous King. This is proved when he says; Duncan / Hath borne his faculties so meek, hath been / So clear in his great office, that his virtues / Will plead like angels. He is modest when confronted with his achievements, in contrast to the arrogance that he displays after becoming king. He loves Lady Macbeth, an emotion he will eventually lose by the end of the play. Most of all, he fears what his greed and ambition can lead him to become, and he feels dubious about acting on them. When he kills the King he does it in cold blood, which shows his change after the incident with the witches. Macbeth doesnt want to kill the King but is convinced by Lady Macbeth that only good things will come from it. But just after he does kill the King, guilt overcomes him and he is left regretting the whole idea. This shows that he still wants Gods blessing. Also he says; But wherefore could I not pronounce Amen? / I had most need of the blessing and Amen / Stuck in my throat. At that time it was believed that if you could not say Amen, God would not bless you and you were doomed to eternal damnation. Ultimately he regrets killing the King. Here are some quotes that help to solidify this; I had most need of blessing I am afraid to think what I have done To know my deed, twere best not know myself Wake Duncan with thy knocking: I would thou couldst You should be thinking the obvious question: Why does Macbeth decide that he has to kill the King to become King? And, anyway, why is he not sufficiently happy with the high social position he occupies and the honoured status he has acquired among his peers? There is a very simplistic answer to this, and that is to say he is too inpatient and too ambitious. Both of these are sins and therefore Macbeth must be punished for them. As he believes that he is damned for eternity this breaks him down until he doesnt care or feel anymore. Banquo was also present when the witches predictions were made which makes Macbeth insecure. There are two reasons for this; 1. Banquos children will become Kings and 2. Banquo may suspect that Macbeth murdered Duncan. Macbeth is now in too deep to be repented for his sins and he knows this. To maintain his Kingship he decides to hire murderers to kill Banquo and his son, Fleance. This takes Macbeth beyond the murder of Duncan; it demonstrates that he will spare no one not even a close friend to secure his illegitimate kingship. He has turned his back on his closest companion and doesnt feel any guilt. This suggests that he has now become just as evil as the witches. Shortly after the murder of Banquo, the dead noble appears at Macbeths feast. The terror of seeing Banquos ghost makes Macbeth more paranoid and insecure than ever, which leads him to seek answers from the three Witches; And betimes I will to the weird sisters. / More shall they speak. For no I am bent to know / By the worst means, the worst This suggests that he still wants more and is still unhappy. He has tasted blood and now he wants more. He believes that he will lose his position as King unless he continues to kill. Eventually he has the blood of Duncan, Banquo, the two servants, Lady Macduff and her children on his hands. Blood is a very realistic image that helps people to relate blood and evil together. The Factors Which Lead Macbeth To Kill The King The witches play a vital role in Macbeths thinking about his own life, both before and after the murder of Duncan. Banquo and Macbeth recognize them as something supernatural, part of the landscape but not fully human inhabitants of it. They have malicious intentions and prophetic powers and yet they are not active agents. When I say active agents I mean that they dont do anything other than talk and offer answers. They have no power to compel. The most obvious interpretation of the witches is to see them as manifestations of evil in the world. They exist to tempt and torment people, to challenge their faith in themselves and their society. Act 1 scene 3 suggests that the witches have power but not enough to kill. This is shown when they are talking among themselves about a woman who would not give one of the witches a chestnut. The witch tells her sisters that she will make the winds blow strongly against her husbands ship. They work on Macbeth by equivocation, that is, by ambiguous promises of some future state. These promises come true, but not in the way that the victim originally believed. Macbeth takes his first step toward losing his soul when he is confronted with the knowledge that he will be king. The witches tell him; All hail, Macbeth! that shalt be King thereafter! When they say this he makes the mistake of letting his ambition overrule his judgment. If his judgment had remained intact in the face of the witches powerful prophecy, he certainly would have decided not to let his actions be dictated by a prophecy given to him by three strange witches who evade most of the questions he asks. The witches, appeal to what Macbeth wants to believe. They dont make him believe it and they do not tell him what to do in order to achieve what they prophesise. They say nothing about killing Duncan (or anyone else). In that sense, they cannot be the origin of the idea of the murder. They may be appealing to that idea, but they do not create it. The witches are said to be able to take possession of people and make them do wrong. This, seeing visions and going into trances are signs of this. The later two of these are shown, the second when Macbeth sees the ghostly dagger before he kills Duncan and the third, when he is described as rapt. These witches exist as constant reminders of the potential for evil in the human imagination. They are ineluctably part of the natural world, there to seduce anyone who, like Macbeth, lets his imagination flirt with evil possibilities. They have no particular abode and might pop up anywhere, momentarily, ready to incite an eternal desire for evil in the human imagination, the evil which arises from a desire to violate our fellow human beings in order to shape the world to our own deep emotional needs. Guilt plays a strong role in motivating Macbeth, and causes Lady Macbeth to go insane, until she commits suicide. Throughout the story, there are many different types of guilty feelings that play a role in Macbeths fatal decisions and bring Lady Macbeth to commit suicide. Although there are many instances that show the power guilt has played on the main characters, there are three examples that show this the best. One is, just after the murder of King, Duncan. Guilt overcomes Macbeth where he can no longer think straight. A second example is soon after that, where all the guilt Macbeth feels at first, changes into hate after he decides that Banquo must be killed as well. The last example is just about at the end of the play, when we see Lady Macbeth sleepwalking, and then later committing suicide; this all because of the burden of her guilt. All of these examples build the proof that in this play, guilt plays a very large role in the characters lives. Perhaps one of the strongest evidences that show guilt, is how it affected Lady Macbeth. Act 5 begins by re-entering Lady Macbeth; this time though, she is not at all the woman we were first introduced to. It begins with a discussion between a doctor and a servant about the failing health of the lady herself. Lady Macbeth enters sleepwalking. She starts to rub her arms, in a washing motion and says; Out damned spot! Out, I say! She also says; Yet who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him? The word blood, is really a image that we can use for the enormous guilt she feels and her action, in trying to get rid of the guilt by washing and rubbing it away. In the second quote, the old man represents, King Duncan. Her sleepwalking continues as she talks about the death of Lady Macduff; The thane of Fife had a wife. Where is she now? / What, will these hands neer be clean? After the continuous rubbing motion, Lady Macbeth cries out; Heres the smell of blood still. All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. She realises that nothing could ever get rid of the smell of the blood and the guilt caused by all the murders committed by Macbeth. Its also shown here that she feels fully responsible for every person killed by her husband. Just several scenes later, Lady Macbeth commits suicide. The reason was just a build up of all the guilt. Another big influence on Macbeth is Lady Macbeth. She puts considerable pressure on Macbeth and he is eventually persuaded to commit the murder of King Duncan. Driven by Lady Macbeth, he then orders the assassination of Banquo and Fleance and of Lady Macduff and her son. The attempted murders of Fleance and Lady Macbeths son make it clear that Macbeth has no problems about killing the innocent. Being so deeply immersed in murder and death takes away his ability to feel; when Lady Macbeth dies, he reacts only by musing that; She should have died hereafter. One of the chief functions of Lady Macbeth in the early part of the play is to keep the vision of Kingship alive within Macbeth by any means at her disposal. She taunts him to act on his desires. What she is saying, in effect, is that he must not let his conscience stand in the way of his desires. Part of her tactics with Macbeth is to urge him to be more of a man. She identifies him as something unmanly. Lady Macbeth should not be blamed for the actions of Macbeth. He freely chooses to kill Duncan in response to his own deepest desires. Neither his wife nor the witches compel him to do what he does, and he is free at any time to refuse to carry out the murder or, having carried it out, to seek out various courses of new action. But his decision to carry out the deed is marked by his, perhaps evil mind. In a way, Macbeth is never entirely satisfied with what he needs to do to become king or what he really wants to do. After the murder of Duncan Lady Macbeth has thought that a little water and a few lies will clear them, but she cannot evade the psychological consequences of what she has encouraged Macbeth to do. She lacks his will power, his determination to continue, and his ability to withstand the inner torment. And so as he becomes more and more determined to keep killing his way to some final solution, she falls apart. This begins with her fainting spell as soon as the news of Duncans death becomes public, continues in her anxious fussing before and after the banquet scene, reaches its clearest expression in her sleepwalking, and concludes in her suicide. This lack of inner will to confront the consequences of her and Macbeths actions makes her story one without the tragic significance of her husbands. The phrase lack of inner will in the last paragraph is not meant to indicate some limitation in Lady Macbeth. She had thought that she could unsex herself, push away any of her deepest feelings about the love of others, and become a pure agent of destruction. So long as the murders have not started, she plays that role with great rhetorical effectiveness (especially in her taunts about Macbeths manhood). In a way her reference to Duncan looking like her father does take on an important resonance. Whats particularly noticeable, too, is the way in which, following the murder of Duncan, their relationship becomes divided. We have every reason to believe that before Duncans murder, they are very close. Certainly Macbeth shares all his thoughts and feelings with her, and she speaks to him about what her deepest thoughts are even if it is to defy Gods decision. They are at first a very close and loving couple but as more people are being killed by Macbeth (who mostly keeps them to himself and doesnt involve Lady Macbeth) Lady Macbeth is falling apart and being unable to cope with the guilt she commits suicide.

Differentiation Learning Styles and Inclusive Education

Differentiation Learning Styles and Inclusive Education The topic researched is Inclusive learning, looking also into differentiation, and leaning styles. Inclusive education means all students in a school, regardless of their strengths, weaknesses, or disabilities, are part of the general school community. They have a feeling of belonging among other students, educators, and support staff. (VERDEL BISHOP). Inclusive learning is treating learners as individual and catering for needs for equally. Provisions should be made so that all learners are able to participate in all activities regardless of age, gender, religion, disability etc. The learners needs are often highlighted when negotiating with learners at the start of the course. It is then up to the educator to see, these are met. Such as, if a learner needs wheelchair access, the educator would need to make sure that there was a ramp in the building, disabled toilets, that a desk could be raised to allow for the wheelchair etc. If the learner has special educational needs (SEN) then there may be a need for a learning support assistant to be in the class too. The initial discussion would also give you an insight to their prior knowledge, motivation, cultural expectations and their results of the initial assessment would show their Literacy and numeracy need if any. The marketing material and polices and brochure from establishments should take into consideration the diverse audience. A few decades ago the world of education was very exercised by the forerunner of differentiation which was called mixed ability teaching. Then people began to realise it was not just ability that could be mixed and that educators had to cope with a plethora of differences: learning style, age, motivation, prior learning and experience, gender, specific learning difficulties such as dyslexia, and so on. Consequently, the term mixed ability began to be replaced by the less vivid term: differentiation. (Geoff Petty) Differentiation is having a class of not only mixed abilities but race, background, learning styles, motivation , prior knowledge and catering for every learners needs enabling them to achieve their goals. According to Tomlinson (2001) the three main areas of the curriculum that can be differentiated are: Contents: The pre-assessment would give the educator ideas on the learners abilities. With this in mind, the educator can plan the lesson taking into consideration the learners who have mastered the topic already and permitting them to work independently ahead. The educator can continue delivering the session as planned with the rest of the class. Process: Giving the learners the opportunity to use different methods for varied activities, taking into consideration the different learning styles, and setting activities to suit the learners needs. For example, be given the choice of how they would like to research their topic e.g. Use the computer, books, drawing, diagrams, writing, or reading. Using different methods best to their individual abilities would enhance their skills on other area as well as researching the topic itself. Product: Giving the learners the option on how they would like to demonstrate their findings enables then to demonstrate their skills at their level. For example, a learner working at a lower level may decide to produce a newsletter and a learner working at a higher level may chose to use a PowerPoint slide show. Diagram below shows the elements of differentiated instruction as they relate to one another. http://www.eht.k12.nj.us/~jonesj/Differentiated%20Instruction/1%20DI%20Graphic%20Organizer.htm When planning the lessons the educator can Vary the reading material to allow for different readability levels Recording text material onto tapes, as well as handouts Buddying learners together Activities that have the same skills and understanding but different levels of difficulty- Tiered activities. Offering support Allowing extra time those who need it and encouraging further research for the more advanced learners. Allowing learners to use different methods, like writing letter, graphics, drawings, video clips, and recording to present their finding A scheme of work would need to show a range of different activities that meet all the learners styles (VARK) taking into account any barriers to learning. Giving extra challenging activities to those who complete before the rest would keep them motivated and occupied. Inclusion means enabling all students to participate fully in the life and work of mainstream settings, whatever their needs. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Inclusion may also be seen as a continuing process of breaking down barriers to learning and participation for all children and young people. Segregation, on the other hand, is a recurring tendency to exclude difference. (CSIE, 2002b, p. 1) Inclusive education goes beyond special educational needs: it refers to all learners who, for different reasons, may find themselves at risk of marginalisation or exclusion. Inclusive education is about values: it assumes that diverse groups of pupils are of equal worth and have a right to be included. Inclusive education does not focus on perceived individual deficits, but on the barriers to learning that individuals and groups of pupils may encounter. Inclusive education is about changing the system so it is better for all: this includes educators, students, and everyone in the educational institution. Inclusive education is about participation and learning from each other. Inclusive education is not a fixed state but an evolving one. Some of the key words that we noted were rights, participation, process, values, equality, diversity, and change.